Siddartha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Siddartha - Essay Example As per the four respectable realities, enduring is an innate piece of presence, the wellspring of enduring is numbness, the fundamental manifestations of obliviousness are connected and longing for and this can stopped and finally the honorable eightfold way will stop the connection and languishing. Insight can't be accomplished through after an illuminated one; this is obvious from the book where Siddhartha and his companion part in look for enlightment, it can't be accomplished through words and lessons and the explanation is on the grounds that they may talk reality yet being ideas they trap you. To arrive at Nirvana one needs to devastate oneself so as to accomplish information on the obscure deepest. At the point when one arrives at this state you experience harmony and you need want and energy, this is delineated in the book where the illuminated one is portrayed as Each finger of his hand talked about harmony, discussed fulfillment, looked for nothing, imitated nothing, mirrored a consistent tranquil, an unfading light, a resistant harmony. To be savvy you need to cherish the world and others not due to their educating but since of their deeds and their life, this is likewise in the book where Siddhartha discloses to his companion that It is just imperative to adore the world, not to loathe it, not for us to detest one another, however to be parcel to respect the world and ourselves and all being with affection, appreciation and regard. (Hermann (1971) Siddhartha page 147) Over all you should figure out how to tune in with a still heart, without enthusiasm, without want and without judgment, you should tune in with a pausing and an open soul, in the book Siddhartha figured out how to tune in from the stream where he invested a large portion of the energy tuning in, this is likewise apparent in the honorable eightfold way where so as to accomplish nirvana one must have the correct fixation. Siddhartha gained from the stream how to tune in, tune in with a still heart, with a pausing, open soul, without energy, without want, without judgment and without sentiment. (Hermann (1971) Siddhartha page 106) To be shrewd you need to figure out how to make penances, Siddhartha figured out how to ask, quick and to think, this he got from the lessons of samana, and you should have discretion and must not be destructed by natural wants, for they will deceive you to what you are searching for. Siddhartha is a genuine guide to show this, he went to the city and overlooked how to supplicate, think and quick. The world gave him much experience yet didn't offer him the response. Shrewdness can be accomplished uniquely to the individuals who sort it, it can't be accomplished through words and it needs activity, Siddhartha left his home in scan for information, in the event that he had not ventured out from home he wouldn't have arrived at nirvana. You should be prepared to make penances and not be driven by wants, Siddhartha left his sweetheart, riches and the city to go live with the ship man, this shows a great deal of penance and this is the thing that one has the right to do so as to be astute. The choices one settles on must be correct choices, you ought to assess the choices of anything that you do previously

Fuddy Meers

Fuddy Meers Fuddy Meers by David Lindsay-Abaire is set over the span of one taxing day. Two years back Claire was determined to have psychogenic amnesia, a condition that influences transient memory. Consistently when Claire rests, her memory deletes. At the point when she awakens, she has no clue what her identity is, who her family is, the thing that she loves and doesn't care for, or the occasions that prompted her condition. One day is all she needs to get the hang of all that she can about herself before she rests and awakens cleaned off once more. On this specific day, Claire awakens to her better half, Richard, carrying her espresso and a book with data about what her identity is, what his identity is, and different realities she may require for the duration of the day. Her child, Kenny, drops in to state great morning and experience her tote for some cash that he says is for the transport, however is destined to pay for his next round of pot. When both of them leave, a covered man with a drawl and a limp slithers free from Claire’s bed reporting that he is her sibling, Zack, and he is there to spare her from Richard. He gets her in the vehicle and discards her book of data and drives her to her moms house. Claires mother, Gertie, has endured a stroke and however her psyche capacities consummately, her discourse is jumbled and generally indiscernible. The title of the play originates from Gerties confused discourse; Fuddy Meers is the thing that comes out of her mouth when she attempts to state Funny Mirrors. Once at her mother’s house, Claire meets Millet and his manikin Hinky Binky. The limping man and Millet as of late got away from prison together and are en route to Canada. Richard before long finds Claires nonappearance and hauls a stoned Kenny and a hijacked police officer to Gerties house. From that point, the activity declines into a disorderly prisoner circumstance where subtleties of Claires past gradually rise until she at long last gets the entire story of how, when, and why shes lost her memory. Setting: Claires room, a vehicle, Gerties house Time: The Present Cast Size: This play can oblige 7 on-screen characters. Male Characters: 4 Female Characters: 3 Characters that could be played by either guys or females: 0 Jobs Claire is in her 40s, and for a lady who has lost her memory, she is genuinely cheerful and settled. She is disturbed to see an old image of herself in which she resembles a despicably pitiful looking lady and perceives that she is a lot more joyful at this point. Richard is committed to Claire. His past is obscure and covered with minor wrongdoings, medications, and double dealing however hes since turned his life around. He is putting forth a valiant effort for Claire and Kenny despite the fact that he will in general become apprehensive and whimsical when put in unpleasant circumstances. Kenny was fifteen when Claire lost her memory. He is seventeen now and is utilizing cannabis to self sedate. He is once in a while lucid enough nowadays to associate and speak with the world. The Limping Man reports that he is Claires sibling, however his character stays being referred to for a significant part of the play. Notwithstanding a limp, he additionally has a serious drawl, is half visually impaired, and one of his ears has been severely scorched bringing about hearing misfortune. He has a touchiness and won't answer Claires questions. Gertie is Claires mother. She is in her 60s and endured a stroke, which brought about a failure to talk obviously. Her psyche and memory are great and she cherishes Claire with her entire existence. She puts forth a valiant effort to secure her girl and help Claire sort out her past so as to abstain from rehashing it. Millet got away from prison with the Limping Man and a manikin named Hinky Binky. Hinky Binky says all the things Millet can't and frequently pushes Millet into difficulty. While there were a lot of things in Millets past to land him prison, he was improperly blamed for the wrongdoing that inevitably detained him. Heidi is presented as a cop who pulls Kenny and Richard over for speeding and ownership of weed. She is later uncovered to be the lunch woman where Millet and the Limping Man were detained and she is infatuated with the Limping Man. She is solid willed, possessive, and somewhat claustrophobic. Creation Notes The creation notes for Fuddy Meers center around set proposals. The set architect gets an opportunity to use inventiveness and creative mind in rendering the different settings. Dramatist David Lindsay-Abaire clarifies that since the play is experienced through Claires eyes, the world that the originators make ought to be a universe of deficient pictures and twisted real factors. He proposes that as the play comes and Claire’s memory restores, the set ought to change from illustrative to practical. He says, †¦for model, each time we return to Gerties kitchen, perhaps theres another household item, or theres a divider where there wasnt one preceding. For a greater amount of David Lindsay-Abaires notes see the content accessible from Dramatists Play Service, Inc. Other than the make-up the Limping Man requirements for his consumed and distorted ear, the outfit requirements for this show are insignificant. Each character needs just one outfit as the time length of Fuddy Meers is just a single day. Lighting and sound prompts are additionally negligible. A full properties list is remembered for the content. There is additionally an interpretation of all of Gerties stroke talk at the rear of the content. This is useful for the on-screen character give a role as Gertie to see precisely what she is attempting to state and to locate the best accentuation and feelings to join to her confused discourse. The chief may utilize their own prudence in letting the remainder of the give read the interpretations a role as their befuddled responses to her lines might be increasingly certified in the event that they really don't get her. Content Issues: Violence (wounding, punching, firing firearms), language, household misuse Creation rights for Fuddy Meers are held by Dramatists Play Service, Inc.

2011 Application is Now Live COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

2011 Application is Now Live COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The title of this post pretty much says it all.   The application for spring 2011 and fall 2011 is now available and we encourage you to get started by clicking here to begin your application. There is no rush to get your application in right away, the deadline for spring admission is October 1st and the deadline for fall admission is January 5th.   However, by logging in and clicking around you can become familiar with the steps you will need to complete and with the application interface. Most importantly, stay tuned to this blog for application advice.   I will be covering lots of topics related to submitting the most competitive application possible. Also, if you started an application in the past and plan to continue working on it, please review any information previously submitted carefully.   We have made some modifications to the application and reviewing your previous information submitted will ensure that you submit the appropriate and correct information we need to review your application. Thank you and we look forward to helping you complete the process.

Women s Behavior Or Aggressiveness Towards The Bobo Doll...

Bobo Doll Experiment â€Å"Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing† (Bandura). In the 1960s and 1970s, being a psychologist was difficult. In order to prove a theory, you would have to conduct different experiments that would lead to a conclusion that was still criticized by society. An example, of a psychologist that had difficulty with his experiment is Albert Bandura. In the Bobo Doll Experiment, Albert Bandura used different methods, on groups of kids of different ages and genders. To understand the Bobo Doll Experiment, one must first know what Albert Bandura’s experiment was about, how it correlates to children’s aggression, and how television and games contribute to children’s behavior. The purpose of Albert Bandura experiment was to study the children’s behavior or aggressiveness toward the Bobo doll, after observing an adult being aggressive toward the doll the mselves. This experiment is now known as The Bobo Experiment. According to the Association for Psychological Science, Albert Bandura conducted this Bobo doll experiment with children as young as three years old and as old as 6 years old. Bandura used a female role model and the subjects were divided into three groups. The first group was exposed to the aggressive role model and the second group was exposed to their non-aggressive role model. And the third group was not exposed to aggression at all. (Association forShow MoreRelatedThe Big Five Personality Traits3406 Words   |  14 Pagestheir children and punish severely, especially if the standards are not met. Some consequences have been explained as â€Å"Children do well in school, have lower self-esteem, typically less skilled with peers, some appear subdued, others show high aggressiveness, and traits last well into high school,† (Warren Slide 11). Lloyd explains in her article about authoritarian parenting rule-based parenting â€Å"can erode the affection and communication that makes children and parents stay connected emotionally

Essay on Ramifications of the Juvenile Justice Waiver

Social workers in the court room play an major role in helping to decide whether or not a child should be charged as an adult for committing a crime while a minor. A minor being sent to juvenile court does not necessarily mean that the minor will be tried as an juvenile. It is also the responsibility of the court to determine if the minor should stay in juvenile court of be moved into adult criminal court. A social work assigned to the minor as well as the defense attorney, prosecutor, and judge will argue in court to decide the minors fate. This social policy that is used in the court system is known as the Juvenile Justice Waiver. The Juvenile Justice Waiver is the practice of transferring jurisdiction over a juvenile from juvenile or†¦show more content†¦In some states there are similarity to this historical â€Å"Common Law Principle of Responsibility†. As to be expected, states have different laws regarding matters of juveniles. Many states vary when determining whether or not a children should be tried as an adult or what the minimum or maximum ages courts must follow or what crimes they are allowed try are. Taking Illinois for example, the set age required by law for a children to be transferred into adult court is seventeen. However, in Illinois there is a major exception to this rule. State law changes the minimum age to fifteen when crimes of murder of the first degree, aggravated sexual assault, armed robbery, robbery with possession of a firearm, and use of weapons on school grounds are committed (Carp, Stidham, and Manning, 67). Illinois considers these offenses the most serious. Another type of waiver that can take place is a waiver into teen court. 300 different jurisdictions are experimenting with this idea. Teen court is a helpful alternative to juvenile court. This court also helps keeps the labeling stigma of convict off of a juvenile offender. These courts typically handle juvenile offenders between the ages of ten and fifte en who are being charges with minor violations such as disorderly conduct, shoplifting, and other types of criminal mischief. Most of these juvenile offenders have no prior arrest record and have never done anything wrong before in their lives. These juvenilesShow MoreRelatedJuveniles in the News Report 1220 Words   |  5 Pagesface that he has every day, which was the freakiest part, He wasnt saying anything. He didnt have any anger on his face. It was just a blank expression. (AP, 2014). Hribal’s attorney has expressed that he doesn’t think Hribal is aware of the ramifications that have and will occur as a result of his actions. ...We have to make sure that he understands the nature of the charges and whats going on here. Its important that he be examined by a psychiatrist and determined where he is mentally. (CarterRead MoreJuveniles in the Criminal Justice System4671 Words   |  19 PagesShould Juvenile Offenders Be Tried As Adults? A Developmental Perspective on Changing Legal Policies Laurence Steinberg Temple University and The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Adolescent Development and Juvenile Justice Paper presented as a part of a Congressional Research Briefing entitled â€Å"Juvenile Crime: Causes and Consequences,† Washington, January 19, 2000. Address correspondence to the author at the Department of Psychology, Temple University, PhiladelphiaRead More Children Tried as Adults Essay2241 Words   |  9 Pagesis eligible to go to an adult court or prison if proven guilty for an unpardonable crime. An example of this is in Alabama, where two males at age fourteen are currently spending life in prison for a murder, but to the non-profit group, the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama it is cruel and unusual punishment and violates their human rights. The Supreme Court will soon decide their fate (MSNBC.com). Usually, it is those who are sixteen or seventeen that are tried as an adult because they have more

Introducing Speech of UHCL Student Free Essays

I introduce myself as ________ currently employed as a _______- The right information and the means to use it intelligently can provide an organization an edge over its competitors. Businesses are increasingly looking towards technology not only to realize their short term goals but also to place them strategically for their long term success. This strategy and smart application of technology in Business Processes captivates me. We will write a custom essay sample on Introducing Speech of UHCL Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the process of globalization has reached the frontiers of business, education and technology; it is the only indispensable way for the global organizations to face the challenges of the ever evolving field of technology. I aspire, therefore, to pursue Masters in Management Information Systems at your esteemed University. Throughout my education, I always exhibited a high level of competency and proficiency in my schooling as well as my under graduation. Having scored excellent scores in my higher secondary education, I went on to equip myself with an undergraduate degree in Instrumentation and Control Engineering, at GNITS, Hyderabad. My career curriculum enhanced my knowledge in subjects like C Programming, Data Structures, Control Systems, Neural Networks, Analytical Instrumentation, Microprocessors, Management Science and Digital Signal Processing. It was during this period that my teachers instilled in me a strong inclination towards Information Management and Computer Programming. During my final year undergraduate course, I presented my project on ‘Color Image Recognition Using Neural Networks’. My project involved coding a programme using MATLAB technology which solves a pattern recognition problem and has a relevance to the filed of Medical Diagnostics, Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing. As an undergraduate student I also organized an ISTE student chapter symposium, quizzo and mini-project competition. This was made a possibility owing to my excellence in communication skills, technical know-how, analytical aptitude and an intelligent outlook. After my undergraduate education, the strong desire to understand the business process and the requirements of the industry propelled me to accept an employment before pursuing graduate studies. My employment as a Software Engineer at Accenture, a global fortune 500 company, demonstrates my overall aptitude. I found this to be a very good opportunity to gain training and real time work experience in the Information Management domain with primary focus on DW/BI – Data warehousing/ Business Intelligence. Having worked for over 2.5+ years, now I have gained good knowledge on the overall SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle), picked up a few additional skills like Data Modeling techniques, SQL/PLSQL, and experienced with different flavors of UNIX,. This exposure to DW/BI sphere even fostered my interests further in Information Systems Management. Accenture, with its rich heritage in consulting and technology has provided me ample opportunities to gain domain specific experience and to the ability to provide innovative BI solutions. My project in DW/BI capability was in the consumer goods and services domain for Astra Zeneca, a client, which is a leading pharmaceutical company. My project at _____ was based on an onshore – offshore operating model and it required me to interact closely with the onsite team as well as the client team. This helped me gain new insight into oracle BI tools and also resulted in a training stint at the onsite (Milan) . The time I spent Onsite, in Milan, broadened my vision, had great value additions and helped me become a fully rounded DW/BI professional. Working in the Information Management domain enabled me to gain confidence and to be appreciative of the subjects of MIS and also encouraged me to shoulder bigger responsibilities. My competency and leadership skills were rewarded by my company which awarded me with prestigious Young Achievers Award (2008) and also Best Team Award as mark of my outstanding performance and contribution. I have done well in all my engagements and have always delivered to the utmost satisfaction of the client. I was successful in taking up Oracle vendor certifications with 100%. I feel it a privilege to have come up first in elocution, debates and other language proficiency competitions held at a district level during my school days. I also showed an aptitude towards innovative skills by participating and winning several prizes in science exhibitions and other technical events. During my under graduation I presented several technical papers which were highly appreciated. I also took active part and  volunteered for social service and community events. All these activities have helped me to develop into multifaceted personality with strong interpersonal skills. I aspire to pursue M. S. in Management Information Systems (MS-MIS) because of my strong interest in information technology and its applications to business settings. I have seen how information systems can serve as a bridge between technology and business by supporting its planning, operations and critical decision making. Now through MIS program I desire to refine my skills and deliver technology-driven business solutions for global organizations to meet their strategic objectives. I believe that MIS program at University of Houston, Clear Lake will enhance my knowledge and help me greatly in attaining my career goals. Amidst the brilliant academic setting of UHCL, I desire to gain the expertise and eventually make an indispensable contribution to the field of Information Systems. It is with sincere hope that I look forward to be a part of UHCL How to cite Introducing Speech of UHCL Student, Papers

Jane Elliot free essay sample

Of course I think that this exercise influenced the participant’s lives. I’m sure that every time they encountered a situation where discrimination was involved they thought back to their third grade teacher and how she drilled it into their heads that it does not matter the color of skin, everyone should be treated the same. Every time, during that class and throughout the school year, she brought up discrimination, she more or less made them repeat that it’s bad and they won’t do it. If something is that constant in your life, you are not going to forget it that easily. I think that this exercise would be extremely successful for people who are very prejudiced. I don’t mean this in a conceited way but I think highly of myself and I would like to make the assumption that people who are very prejudiced think very highly of themselves as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Elliot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I’m not prejudiced but I know if I was put into this exercise, I would feel horrible every time I thought something bad, just because of someone’s race. Now say I’m a very prejudiced blue eyed person and in today’s exercise the blue eyed people are inferior to the brown eyed people. People are going to call me names and pick on me even though I think very highly of myself I’m going to start to doubt that I’m special. I will start to realize that it’s not a great thing to look down at people for something that they have no control over, like their eyes, and start to relate it to other things like skin color or hair color. I think it would be a great eye opener. The most powerful part for me is how quickly the children turns on their friends. Their best friend could have a different eye color then they did so all of a sudden they stopped talking. I can’t imagine not talking to my best friend in third grade just because they had brown eyes. I learned that the power of influence from the right people is a strong bond; whether it is a good or bad influence, the influence spreads fast.

Keisha Brent Essays (1997 words) - Digital Media, Technology

Keisha Brent Final Essay Is the Internet Really Bad What The Internet Is Doing To Our Brains is a well written piece of writing by Nicholas Carr . Carr did a great job at exemplifying the exploration of the Internet's intellec tual and cultu ral consequences throughout his book. In fact I believe the internet has had a huge impact on society from many different standpo ints and even though Carr sort of touched based on most , there were a few I didn't quite agree with. I get the point he was try ing to make as far as technology advancin g and taking a toll on most I just don' t think it's a bad idea like he portrayed it as. I will further explain my reasoning to why I agree or disagree with each factor Carr could have elaborated differently s tarting with before the internet , the upcoming of the internet , the good/the bad, and the reality of how the internet influence others today. Before The Internet In the beginning Carr stated, "t he intellectual ethic of a technology is rarely recognized by its inventors. " (45) That statement is true, m ost of the modern day technology is remixed from past creations. We have come a long way in worldwide technological advancement. Computers are a way of living now but years ago everything was documented on paper and before then on stone. Being that I'm a private duty caregiver I am around a lot older people who got a chance to experience life before the internet. One of my clients Mr. Laudel is a 90yr old retired electrical engineer and I had the opportunity to talk to him about how the internet and new technology impacted his life. Mr. Laudel told me how he grew up on a farm and everything they ate and did for fun literally was outside. There were no phones, televisions, game systems, or computer just a marine chronometer they used to tell time. He then went on to say when he was an electrical enginee r things in that field were way more simple and less complex as the tools they use today. Towards the end of Mr. Laudel engineering career he admitted he did just enough to get by because of the new technology being brought into his company was becoming so advanced he wasn't able to understand how some of the tools worked and his position didn't really hav e to go too in depth with them. Although, Mr. Laudel said he did learn some of the basics of the new technology outside of work but his daughter was more into the internet and that even his grandchildren and great grandchildren use technology and internet way more than he could ever imagine. He also fe el like he lived an interesting yet eventfu l life without the internet but he always knew technology would one day evolve. "Quite a few people still listen to vinyl, use film cameras to take photographs, and look up phone numbers in the printed Yellow Pages." (89) That implication made by Carr is also true I was shocked to see one of my clients us ing a phone book to order pizza. When I asked her why she didn't just google the location she laughed and said , "That's for lazy people." Soon when she said that I thought about Carr chapter on google, The Church of Google and how he used this whole chapter to talk about how google is used and how it impacted the internet. " Without its search engine, and the other engines that have been built on its model, the Internet would have long ago become a Tower of Digital Babel. " (156) Which holds some type of veracity because most internet usage result in using some type of search engine, mainly google. The Upcoming of the Internet Indeed, the internet hosts an enormous informational base. Technology has made it possible for this information to reach far and wide. It would be almost unheard for the average American to go one day without the internet. Technology today is so advanced compared to when I was coming up. Just think

The Meaning of Other in Sociology

The Meaning of Other in Sociology In classical sociology, other is a concept in the study of social life through which we define relationships. We encounter two distinct types of others in relation to ourselves. Significant Other A â€Å"significant other† is someone about whom we have some degree of specific knowledge and thus we pay attention to what we perceive to be his or her personal thoughts, feelings or expectations. In this case, significant does not mean that the person is important, and it doesnt refer to the common parlance of a romantic relationship. Archie O. Haller, Edward L. Fink, and Joseph Woelfel of the University of Wisconsin performed the first scientific research and measurements of the influence of significant others on individuals. Haller, Fink, and Woelfel surveyed 100 adolescents in Wisconsin and measured their educational and occupational aspirations while also identifying the group of other individuals who interacted with the students and were mentors for them. Then they measured the impact of the significant others and their expectations for the teens educational possibilities. The results found that the expectations of the significant had the single most powerful influence on the students own aspirations. Generalized Other The second type of other is the â€Å"generalized other,† which we experience primarily as an abstract social status and the role that goes with it. It was developed by George Herbert Mead as a core concept in his discussion of the social genesis of the self. According to Mead, the self lives in an individuals ability to account for himself as a social being. This also requires a person to account for the role of the other as well as how his or her actions could affect a group. The generalized other represents the collection of roles and attitudes that people use as a reference to figure out how to behave in any particular situation. According to Mead: Selves develop in social contexts as people learn to take the roles of their consociates such that they can with a fair degree of accuracy predict how one set of actions is likely to generate fairly predictable responses. People develop these capacities in the process of interacting with one another, sharing meaningful symbols, and developing and using language to create, refine, and assign meanings to social objects (including themselves). For people to engage in complex and intricate social processes, they have to develop a sense of expectationsthe rules, roles, norms, and understanding that make responses predictable and understandable. When you learn these rules as distinct from others, the aggregate comprises a generalized other. Examples of the Other A significant other: We might know that the corner grocery store clerk likes children or does not like it when people ask to use the restroom. As an â€Å"other,† this person is significant in that we pay attention not only to what grocers are generally like, but also what we know about this particular grocer. A generalized other: When we enter a grocery store without any knowledge of the grocer, our expectations are based only on knowledge of grocers and customers in general and what is usually supposed to take place when they interact. Thus when we interact with this grocer, our only basis for knowledge is the generalized other.

MGMT315 U4 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGMT315 U4 IP - Research Paper Example s which every organisation must be aware of and adhere to before they can invest in a foreign country and before they can engage employees in that country. Any American company that intends to invest in a foreign country needs to keep abreast of the specific employment laws of that particular country so as to ensure that they do not get into problems with the regulatory authorities in the country. Before a company can invest in a foreign country, it is important to carry out an initial survey on the employment laws applicable in that country so as to determine how they differ from those applicable in the USA. This is important due to the fact that some employment laws may lead to a situation where the incremental operational costs exceed the benefits the company will get from operating in that country (Hennart and Larimo, 1998). Employment laws normally relate to rules and regulations governing minimum wages, maximum working hours and minimum annual leave days that an employee is entitled to. They also relate to the whether an employee is entitled to paid leave days or not. Employment laws are diverse in every country since in most cases the government of the country sets the minimum wages applicable to the employees in the country. The employment laws may also relate to the length of time that a company should keep employees on casual employment terms and the procedure to absorb them into permanent basis. American companies therefore need to familiarise themselves with laws in different countries so that they evaluate the economics of investing in a particular country (Hennart and Larimo, 1998). The management of the American company working in a global location need to analyse the political situation of the specific country so as to determine the political stability of the country. This is important in that the company will be able to evaluate the risks and return coefficients associated with investing in the country. A politically stable country provides a

Western australia demand and supply Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Western australia demand and supply - Essay Example These estimates use the 2006 Census base for the population benchmarks. Details of further rebenchmarking of the Labour Force estimates, including the 2011 Census-based rebenchmarking, are included in the feature article  Rebenchmarking of Labour Force Seriesin this publication. The ABS will commence a trial of on-line electronic data collection of labour force data from households in December 2012. The trial will be conducted on one rotation group of the Labour Force Survey (i.e. one-eighth of the survey sample). As part of this trial, respondents in this rotation group will be offered the option of completing their labour force survey questionnaire on-line instead of a face-to-face or telephone interview. Information about the trial will be included in the December 2012 issue of this publication, due for release on 17 January 2013. The trial will continue for a number of months prior to a decision on rolling out an electronic collection option progressively to the full sample of the Labour Force Survey. The estimates in this publication are based on a sample survey. Published estimates and the movements derived from them are subject to sampling variability. Standard errors give a measure of sampling variability. The interval bounded by two standard errors is the 95% confidence interval, which provides a way of looking at the variability inherent in estimates. There is a 95% chance that the true value of the estimate lies within that interval.   For further information about these and related statistics, contact the National Information and Referral Service on 1300 135 070, email client.services@abs.gov.au or Labour Force on Canberra (02) 6252 6525, email

Indonesian Ideology

Indonesian Ideology IDEOLOGY OF INDONESIA CHAPTER 1 Ideology of Indonesia I. Introduction Ideology An ideology is a set of aims and ideas that directs ones goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things, as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies, or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society or a received consciousness or product of socialization. The main purpose behind an ideology is to offer change in society, and adherence to a set of ideals where conformity already exists, through a normative thought process. Ideologies are systems of abstract thought as opposed to mere ideation applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics. Implicitly every political tendency entails an ideology whether or not it is propounded as an explicit system of thought. The term ideology was born in the highly controversial, philosophical and political debates and fights of the French Revolution and acquired several other meanings from the early days of the First French Empire to the present. The word ideology was coined by Destutt de Tracy in 1796 assembling the parts idea and -logy. He used it to refer to one aspect of his science of ideas. He separated three aspects, namely: ideology, general grammar and logic, considering respectively the subject, the means and the reason of this science. He argues that among these aspects ideology is the most generic term, because the science of ideas also contains the study of their expression and deduction. Perhaps the most accessible source for the near-original meaning of ideology is Hippolyte Taines work. He describes ideology as rather like teaching philosophy by the Socratic Method, but without extending the vocabulary beyond what the general reader already possessed and without the examples from observation that practical science would require. Taine identifies it not just with Destutt De Tracy, but also with his milieu, and includes Condillac as one of its precursors. Tracy read the works of Locke and Condillac while he was imprisoned during the Reign of Terror. After we know what is ideology? From the other side, we will know analysis of ideology from politics side and another side. Many point of ideology and we can analysis about ideology. Analysis of ideology Meta-ideology posits that ideology is a coherent system of ideas, relying upon a few basic assumptions about reality that may or may not have any factual basis, but are subjective choices that serve as the seed around which further thought grows. According to this perspective, ideologies are neither right nor wrong, but only a relativistic intellectual strategy for categorizing the world. The pluses and minuses of ideology range from the vigor and fervor of true believers to ideological infallibility. Excessive need for certitude lurks at fundamentalist levels in politics, religions, and elsewhere. The works of George Walford and Harold Walsby, done under the heading of systematic ideology, are attempts to explore the relationships between ideology and social systems. David W. Minar describes six different ways in which the word ideology has been used: 1. As a collection of certain ideas with certain kinds of content, usually normative; 2. As the form or internal logical structure that ideas have within a set; 3. By the role in which ideas play in human-social interaction; 4. By the role that ideas play in the structure of an organization; 5. As meaning, whose purpose is persuasion; and 6. As the locus of social interaction, possibly. For Willard A. Mullins, an ideology is composed of four basic characteristics: 1. it must have power over cognition 2. it must be capable of guiding ones evaluations; 3. it must provide guidance towards action; 4. As stated above, must be logically coherent. Mullins emphasizes that an ideology should be contrasted with the related but different issues of utopia and historical myth. The German philosopher Christian Duncker called for a critical reflection of the ideology concept at 2006. In his work, he bring the concept of ideology into the foreground, as well as the closely connected concerns of epistemology and history. In this work, the term ideology is defined in terms of a system of presentations that explicitly or implicitly claim to absolute truth. Though the word ideology is most often found in political discourse, there are many different kinds of ideology: political, social, epistemological, ethical, and so on. Ideology as an instrument of social reproduction Ideologue: Karl Marx posits that a societys dominant ideology is integral to its superstructure. In the Marxist economic base and superstructure model of society, base denotes the relations of production, and superstructure denotes the dominant ideology (religious, legal, political systems). The economic base of production determines the political superstructure of a society. Ruling class interests determine the superstructure and the nature of the justifying ideology actions feasible because the ruling control classes the means of production. Hence the great importance of the ideology justifying a society. Chronologically, the dominant ideologies in Capitalism are: 1. classical liberalism 2. modern liberalism 3. social democracy 4. neo-liberalism Corresponding to these three capitalist stages of development: 1. extensive stage 2. intensive stage 3. contemporary capitalism (late capitalism) In the Marxist formulation of â€Å"ideology as an instrument of social reproduction† is conceptually important to the sociology of knowledge, viz. Karl Mannheim, Daniel Bell, and Jurgen Habermas. Moreover, Mannheim has developed, and progressed, from the total but special Marxist conception of ideology to a general and total ideological conception acknowledging that all ideology (including Marxism) resulted from social life, an idea developed by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. â€Å"Ideology has no history† while ideology has a history interleaved with the general class struggle of society. The general form of ideology is external of ideology, Ideas are material, explains his materialistic attitude, which he illustrated with the scandalous advice of Pascal toward unbelievers: kneel and pray, and then you will believe, thus highlighting that beliefs and ideas are a product of social practices, and not the reverse. However, this mustnt be misunderstood as simple behaviorism, as there may be, as Pierre Macherey put it, a subjectivity without subject; in other words, a form of non-personal liberty, as in Deleuzes conception of becoming-other. Feminism as critique of ideology Naturalizing socially constructed patterns of behavior has always been an important mechanism in the production and reproduction of ideologies. Feminist theorists have paid close attention to these mechanisms. Adrienne Rich e.g. has shown how to understand motherhood as a social institution. However, feminism is not a homogeneous whole, and some corners of feminist thought criticize the critique of social constructionist, by advocating that it disregards too much of human nature and natural tendencies. The debate, they say, is about the normative/naturalistic fallacy—the idea that just something being natural does not necessarily mean it ought to be the case. Political ideologies Many political parties base their political action and program on an ideology. In social studies, a Political Ideology is a certain ethical set of ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some parties follow a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. Political ideologies have two dimensions: 1. Goals: How society should work (or be arranged). 2. Methods: The most appropriate ways to achieve the ideal arrangement. Political ideologies are concerned with many different aspects of a society, some of which are: the economy, education, health care, labor law, criminal law, the justice system, the provision of social security and social welfare, trade, the environment, minors, immigration, race, use of the military, patriotism and established religion. Epistemological ideologies There are critics who view science as an ideology in itself, or being an effective ideology, called Scientology. Some scientists respond that, while the scientific method is itself an ideology, as it is a collection of ideas, there is nothing particularly wrong or bad about it. Other critics point out that while science itself is not a misleading ideology, there are some fields of study within science that are misleading. Two examples discussed here are in the fields of ecology and economics. Deep ecology and modern ecology movement appear to have adopted ecological sciences as a positive ideology. Some accuse ecological economics of likewise turning scientific theory into political economy, although theses in that science can often be tested. The modern practice of green economics fuses both approaches and seems to be part science, part ideology. Ideology and semiotic theory Ideology identifies a unitary object that incorporates complex sets of meanings with the social agents and processes that produced them. No other Term captures this object as well as ‘ideology. Foucaults ‘episteme is too narrow and abstract, not social enough. His ‘discourse, popular because it covers some of ‘ideologys terrain with less baggage, is too confined to verbal systems. ‘Worldview is too metaphysical, ‘propaganda too loaded. Despite or because of its contradictions, ‘ideology still plays a key role in semiotics oriented to social, political life. Authors such as Michael Freeden have also recently incorporated a semantic analysis to the study of ideologies. II. Pancasila We know Pancasila is our Ideology, from the research ideology Indonesia have many point of view. We can see ideology from Pancasila according Etymologist, according history, according Terminologies. Besides that we can see meaning about Pancasila from Soekarno, Muhammad Yamin, and Jakarta charter. Pancasila as an ideology as the state ideals or the ideals that became the basis for a theory or system of state for all peoples and nations of Indonesia, as well as a life goal Indonesian base on TAP. MPR XVIII/MPR/1998 of MPR Revocation of P4, emphasized that Pancasila is the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia which have carried out consistently in the life of nation and state. The word is derived from Pancasila Sansakerta (Buddhism) that is required to achieve Nirvana five Basic Doctrine, namely 1. Do not take a life of living things / Prohibited kill. 2. Do not take the goods of others / No stealing 3. Do not touch sex / Prohibited commit adultery 4. Do not say fake / forbidden to lie / lied. 5. Never mind that eliminates / prohibited liquor. Adapted by the Javanese to 5 M = Opium/ drunk, Thiet/ steal, chase after women./ Girl, Playing/ Gambling, Mateni / Kill. Pancasila words originally contained in the library of the Buddhist Tripitaka in the book where the teaching of the Buddhist is a moral teaching to reach nirvana / heaven through the contents of five Pancasila III.Historical On 01 June 1945 was Ir. Sukarnos speech without notes on the formulation of Pancasila as the Basic State. On August 17, 1945 Indonesia proclaimed independence, then the next day August 18, 1945 declared including the 1945 opening statement in which there is in it as a Basic Principle 5 State of the Pancasila as name. Since then Indonesian Pancasila became common. So although the 4th paragraph of the Preamble the Constitution contained no term 45 Pancasila is basic but the State of RI is called the term of this Pancasila interpretation (translation) especially in the context of the historical formation of the State of formula. III. Understanding of Pancasila in Terminologies Proclamation of August 17, 1945 has given birth to the State of RI State Equipment complete PPKI tools a hearing on August 18, 1945 and successfully passed the Constitution in section four which consists of opening the 4th paragraph of Pancasila formulation contained therein. Formulation of Pancasila is a legitimate and constitutional right as the basis of the state of RI PPKI passed by the representative of the entire people of Indonesia. Pancasila shaped: 1. Hierarchical (tiered) 2. Pyramid A. Pancasila by Mr. Moh Yamin is presented in the trial BPUPKI on May 29, 1945 the following contents: 1. Nationality 2. Humanism 3. Divinity 4. Democracy 5. Social Prosperity B. Pancasila by Ir. Sukarno delivered on June 1, 1945 date at the trial BPUPKI, as follows: 1. Nationalistic Indonesia 2. Humanism 3. Democracy 4. Social Prosperity 5. culture President proposes to 5 Principles can be squeezed into Trisila namely: 1. Socio National: Nationalism and Internationalism; 2. Socio Democracy: Democracy with the welfare of the people; 3. God. And still according to Ir. Soekarno Trisila still be squeezed into the Ekasila or the point is Satusila Mutual Aid. C. Five Principles according to the Jakarta Charter adopted on June 22, 1945 the following formula: 1. Belief in the Islamic obligation to run a follower-followers; 2. Humanity is just and civilized; 3. Unity of Indonesia; 4. Democracy guided by the wisdom and deliberation amongst representatives; 5. Social justice for all people of Indonesia; Conclusion of the various terms of Pancasila is a legitimate and constitutional right of Pancasila which is listed in the Preamble UUD 45, it is strengthened by the MPRS decree and Presidential Instruction No. NO.XXI/MPRS/1966. 12 dated 13 April 1968 which confirms that the pronunciation, writing and formulation of the State of RI Pancasila legitimate and correct which is as stated in the Preamble Uud 1945. After that, we can know point of view about ideology of Indonesia or Pancasila from philosophy of pancasila, the original philosophy, base on Soekarno speech, base on Soeharto speech, After we knew philosophy of Indonesia is Pancasila. In fact the definition of philosophy in the philosophy of Pancasila has been modified and interpreted differently by some philosophers Indonesia. Pancasila discourse made since 1945. Pancasila philosophy is always updated in accordance with the demand of the ruling regime, so that Pancasila is different from time to time. Originality of Pancasila philosophy. Philosophy of Pancasila and developed by Sukarno from 1955 until the end of his rule in1965. At the time of Sukarno always stated that the original philosophy of Pancasila Indonesia is taken from the culture and traditions of cultural acculturation Indonesia and India (Hindu-Buddhist), Western (Christian), and Arabic (Islamic). According to Sukarnos Belief is a native of Indonesia, Justice Social inspired by the concept of Messiah. Sukarno was never mentioned or propagandizes Unity. Thats statement It is from Soeharto version pancasila Philosophy. Based on the above explanation is understanding the general philosophy of Pancasila is the result of thinking / thinking deeply of the Indonesian people who are considered, trusted and believed to be something the truest, most just, most wise, best and most suitable for the Indonesian nation. Between distinguished religious philosophy and non-religious, is belonging. These means that Pancasila philosophy in terms of wisdom and truth to know the absolute truth that comes from God Almighty (religious truth), and both acknowledge the limitations of human capabilities, including the capacity to think. If differentiated in terms of theoretical philosophy and philosophy in a practical sense, on categories in philosophy Pancasila practical sense. This means that the philosophy of Pancasila in the conduct of thinking deeply, not only aimed at seeking truth and wisdom, not just for fulfill desire to know from people who are not inexhaustible, but also and above all the tangible results of thinking Pancasila philosophy is used as a guideline daily life . That life can achieve physical and spiritual happiness, both in this world and the Hereafter. Next measure the philosophy of Pancasila truth and terraced following: 1. Truth senses(common knowledge) 2. Scientific truth(sciences) 3. Philosophical truth(philosophy) 4. Religious truth(religion) After us understanding about Ideology, now we move to division of ideology. Ideology have two big division, they are Open Ideology and closed Ideology. 1. Opened Ideology Characteristic of open ideology is that the values and ideals are not imposed from the outside, but dug up and taken from the wealth of spiritual, moral and cultural community itself. Essence of community consensus, not created by the state, but is found in their community. Therefore, an open ideology is the property of all citizens and communities can find themselves in it. Ideology is open not only justifiable but necessary. The basic value of the modern stated of life and basic attitudes. An ideology is a natural source and is rooted in the worldview and philosophy of life of the nation. Thus, the ideology will be developed in accordance with the development of the intelligence community and national life. This is a prerequisite for an ideology. Unlike the case with the imported ideology, which would be unnatural (artificial) and to some extent requires coercion by a small group of people (minorities) who imported ideology. Pancasila is rooted in the worldview and philosophy of the nation, so that it meets requirements as an open ideology. Despite an ideology that is open, doesnt mean that openness is in such a way as to destroy or negate the ideology itself, which is an illogical. An ideology as a summary of the basic ideas are integrated and round without contradiction or contradictory in its aspects. Transparency divers three factors of Ideology Pancasila a. In the fact, national development processes and community dynamics rapidly growing. b. In the fact show, that the Ideological bankruptcy of the closed and freezing tends to dim due to his own development. c. Our experiences political history in the past. d. Willing to strengthen awareness of the basic values of Pancasila which is internal. Pancasila ideology of openness in its application primarily intended to form a dynamic thinking and conceptual in the modern world. We know there are three levels of value, the basic values that do not change the instrumental value as a means of realizing the basic values that can change according to circumstances and the practical value of the actual implementation of the real. Pancasila values outlined in the norms the norms contained Pancasila and reflected in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution. Value or the basic norms contained in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution should not be changed or modified. Because it is a choice and the resulting consensus that the basic rule is the fundamental basis of the state. Embodiment or implementation of instrumental values and practical values must still contain the soul and the spirit of the same basic value. 2. Closed Ideology Closed is the teaching of ideology or world view or philosophy that determines the purposes and norms of political and social, is ordained as a truth that should not be questioned again, but must be accepted as something already made and to be obeyed. Truth of a closed ideology should not be questioned based on the values or moral. Dogmatic and a priori content that cannot be changed or modified based on social experience. Because of this ideology that tolerates no worldview or other values. Characteristic â€Å"Ideology closed a closed ideology a few recognizable features† Ideology is not the ideals that have been living in the community, but of the ideals of an underlying group. Of a program to change and renew the community, Ideology is the enemy of tradition closed. If the group managed to seize political power, ideology will be imposed on society. Naturally, such a closed ideology to be imposed and applied by society adhered to certain elites, which means are run by authoritarian ways. Ideology is totalitarian normally closed, so concerns the whole of life. Which soon dominated the field completely and used for the spread of that ideology is a field that affects the attitudes of society, field of information to the mass and the other. Example ideology closed IPDN violence that occurred long before the case cliff Munthu Wahyu Hidayat who becomes victims of violence in IPDN. IPDN violence ingrained within the service was due some IPDN doctrine incorrectly interpret the service IPDN like touch the heart, if you cannot touch the solar plexus, if you cannot straighten break. Ideological characteristics of open and closed ideology are: Opened Ideology a. are the ideals that have been living in the community. b. Form the values and ideals that come from within the community itself. c. The results of consultation and consensus society. d. Is dynamic and reformist. Closed Ideology a. Is not goals that have been living in the community. b. Instead of values and ideals. c. Trust and rigid ideological loyalty. d. Consists of concrete and operational demands posed absolutely. According to Kaelan, the values contained in the ideology of Pancasila as an ideology is open are as follows: a) The basic value, that is the essence of the five precepts of Pancasila. b) The instrumental value, which is the direction, policy strategies, goals and implementation agency. c) Practical value, which is a realization of instrumental values in a realization that is the real practice, in everyday life in the community, nation and state. CHAPTER 2 Background of Ideology Indonesia/Pancasila I. Background of Pancasila BPUPKI 2 times the court held. At the First Session of the proposal appears to concept ideology, including: a) Mr. Muh. Yamin (May 29, 1945) In his speech on May 29, 1945 Muh. Yamin basic formula proposed candidate countries as follows: I. Nationality II. Humanitarian III. Elves Godhead IV. Populist (deliberative, wisdom) V. Welfare (social justice). In addition to the end of his speech, Muh. Yamin submit manuscripts as an attachment is a draft proposal contains a statement while the Constitution RI . b) Prof. Dr. Supomo (May 31, 1945) In his speech Prof. Dr. Supomo put tepid-state theory as follows: 1. The theory of individual countries (individualistic) 2. Understand the state class (class theory) 3. Understand intergalactic country. Further, in relation to the basic philosophy of the Indonesian state proposed Soepomo things about: unity, family, inner and outer balance, consultation, justice of the people. c) Ir. Sukarno (June 1, 1945) in this case Ir. Sukarno delivered state basis of five principles that basically namely: 1. Nationalism (nationality Indonesia) 2. Internationalism (humanity) 3. Social Prosperity 4. Belief in one God. He also suggested that Pancasila is the philosophical basis of the state and outlook of the nation of Indonesia. Session Meeting BPUPKI (first) that gave birth to the Jakarta Charter that declared on June 22, 1945 and signed by a small committee consisting BPUPKI formation of 9 people and is popular with the committee of nine whose members are as follows: 1.Ir.Soekarno 2.WahidHasyim 3.Mr.Muh.Yamin 4.Mr.Maramis 5.Drs.Moh.Hatta 6.Mr.Soebarjo 7.KyaiAbdulKaharMuzakir 8.AbikoesmoTjokrosujono 9.HajiAgusSalim II. Apply Ideology to our life As we know Pancasila Indonesia has opened and closed ideology. And we have been analyzing that ideology of Indonesia. So after we know about ideology, we must implement to our life. We have been already known in our country has five principles, and there are first principles until fifth principles: 1. Believe in one and only God/ the one lordship 2. Just and civilized humanity 3. The unity of Indonesia 4. Democracy which is guided by inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberation. 5. Social justice for the whole people of Indonesia In our life, automatically we can apply one or two principles. But its not enough for implement well ideology, because a lot of people just apply one or two principles, its not enough. As we know, in this era a lot of influenced from another country. Where the other country may be bring bad influenced or bad culture for Indonesian. But some bring a good influenced (we can see in another explain). We already know what the best for our life, and for Indonesian we must apply the first principles until fifth principles. Much method to apply that to our life, we can starts from the easy thing. But maybe somebody think is not important. If we want to know, if we apply that principle, we can see how to help people, respect the other people and so on. Its example some applying Pancasila in our life. The first principle: believe in one and only God/the one lordship a. Respect the other religions. b. Always pray. c. Do the good things. d. May not kill. The second principle: Justice civilized and humanity a. Dont kill people. b. Must be fair with the other people. c. Help or do social activities. d. Help each other. The third principle: The unity of Indonesia a. Filter bad influence form the other country. b. Build Indonesia together to be a good country. c. Never have bad feeling such us arrogance, joules, and etc. d. Protect Indonesia together. The fourth principles: Democracy which is guided by inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations. a. Sit together to get agreement. b. Solve problem together. c. We must hear opinion from the other side. d. Take the best opinion for get the best. The fifth principle: social justice for the whole people of Indonesia a. All citizens in Indonesia have right for gets job and life with expediently b. Every citizen compulsorily gets educations. c. Every citizen deserve to gets healthcare. All principles, from first principles until fifth principles are connected and cannot separated. Because pancasila without first principles or the other principles incomplete. We should practice all principles. CHAPTER 3 How important is Pancasila for Indonesia Pancasila in Indonesia is very important, because Ideology Indonesia or Pancasila can awaken our spirit to build Indonesia to be better country than another country, provide guidance about the world and its content and build spirit to struggle to move against the occupation. Pancasila is the most important in Indonesia because Pancasila is Ideology for Indonesia, where that ideology has function for filter influence from Indonesia. Many people who study or work in neighbor country. When they back to Indonesia, they take along until they back to Indonesia. Because they has a long time to stayed in neighbors country, because that they familiar with western style. That influence had some impacts for Indonesia. The impact for Indonesia such us, Indonesian used a sexy clothes, used harsh words, more popular modern dance than traditional dance, and so on. Many culture in Indonesia where must we protect and we continue because a lot culture in Indonesia taken by another country. So, we must protect our culture. Impact for our relationship with the other country is the other country see our country is not good country because much Indonesian used a bad attitude. Maybe relationship between Indonesia with the other country is not good and so on. So, we must used a good attitude and filter influence from the other country, because influence from the other country is not good for Indonesian where Indonesia have religion and have principles for build good country. CHAPTER 4 How to filter influence from another country Like we know, some influence from the other county is bad but, some influence from the other country good for development in our country. Why we must filter influence from the other country? Almost people in Indonesia used bad attitude, where that attitude from the other country. As we know those influences have a right side and the wrong side. We can use the right side but for the wrong side we must remove from Indonesia. We can use Ideology of Indonesia or Pancasila. Many ways can we use to remove that influence from Indonesia. For the example we can use pancasila. We can see, what is having same meaning with the first principles or not. If not we can remove from our country, but if yes we can save for our country. Many point of view to look which one the right or wrong attitude. Example for the wrong side are used a harsh word, used sexy style from western, almost people more often eat junk food and so on. Example for the right side are Indonesia have a new style or mode, now world growth, and so on. The impact if Indonesia not filter the influence from the other country is Indonesian and the youth will have a bad attitude and may be no one can comply with rules in Indonesia. So, we should filter influence from the other country. CONCLUSION Now we know point of view from politic side, background of pancasila, the historical, how to filter influence from the other country, example from wrong side and the right side, and what impact if Indonesia not filter the influence from another country, why we must filter influence from the other country. We must protect our country from the other influence, where the influence is bad and we must protect our culture, because many our neighbor country want take our culture from Indonesia. So, we must keep and take care our country together. REFERENCES Background Historis PANCASILA www.wikipedia.com MY ZONE from book pendidikan kewarganegaraan II untuk SMK

Hindu Death Rituals

There is one thing that is certain in this lifetime that eventually we all must die. A belief in the cyclical reincarnation of the soul is one of the foundations of the Hindu religion. Death is viewed as a natural aspect of life, and there are numerous epic tales, sacred scriptures, and vedic guidance that describe the reason for death's existence, the rituals that should be performed surrounding it, and the many possible destinations of the soul after departure from its earthly existence (Retrieved from http://mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012).this essay will discuss the rituals performed for the soul of the dead body so it reaches heaven peacefully. Traditionally, a Hindu dies at home. Nowadays the dying is increasingly kept in hospitals, even when recovery is clearly not possible. Once family is certain that a person is taking his last breath, the start to chant mantras such as â€Å"om namoh narayana†. This helps the soul to leave the bod y peacefully. They also put holy ash or sandal paste on the forehead and put few drops of Ganga or holy water in the mouth so that the soul goes to heaven. The first mortal to meet his fate with Death was named Yama.Yama is aided by his two killer guide dogs who keep an eye as to whose life has come to an end. so they take the last breath of that person and take the soul to yama who directs them to their destiny . after the person dies the family member calls a chief priest who performs the rituals of†Homa† which is making afire and chanting mantras and doing offering to the â€Å"Agni Dewata† or fire god. The family gather together to cremate the body. Cremation is a ritual designed to do much more than dispose of the body; it is intended to release the soul from its earthly existence.â€Å"Hindus believe that cremation (compared to burial or outside disintegration) is most spiritually beneficial to the departed soul. † This is based on the belief that the â€Å"astral body† will linger â€Å"as long as the physical body remains visible. † If the body is not cremated, â€Å"the soul remains nearby for days or months†(Retrieved from http://mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012). The standard cremation ceremony begins with the ritual cleansing, dressing and adorning of the body. The body is then carried to the cremation ground as prayers are chanted to Yama, invoking his aid.It is usually the chief mourner and the eldest son who perform the â€Å"Agni† or fire ceremony. He circumambulates the pyre counterclockwise– for everything is backward at the time of death and lights the pyre. The death now is an offering to Agni. After burning the corpse the chief mourner cracks the skull with a bamboo , thus releasing the soul from entrapment in the body. After cremation a thirteen day ritual is done for the safety of the soul till it reaches heaven. Family read a holy book called Bhagwat Geeta every afternoon for the deceased person..Twelve hours after the cremation, the ashes are thrown into a river, ideally the Ganges river, and the mourners walk away without looking back. On the 3rd, 5th, 7th or 9th day, relatives gather for a meal of the deceased's favorite foods. A portion is offered before his photo and later ceremonially left at an abandoned place, along with some lit camphor. On the 31st day, a memorial service is held. In some traditions it is a repetition of the funeral rites. At home, all thoroughly clean the house. the chief priest than prays for the deceased and his ancestors so their souls can reunite in the next world.This ritual is called sapindikarana. Similar rituals are done after six months and then the last one is an year after death. a priest conducts the shraddha rites in the home, offering pinda to the ancestors. This ceremony is done yearly as long as the sons of the deceased are alive (or for a specified period) Retrieved from http ://mailerindia. com/hindu/veda/index. php? death on 18th January, 2012).. In conclusion we can say that Hindu funeral rites can be simple or exceedingly complex. These steps devotedly completed according to the customs, means, and ability of the family, will properly conclude one earthly sojourn of any Hindu soul.Religions such as Hinduism offer our own immortal souls satisfying answers to questions of life and death. Their ancient mythic texts provide real reasons for our existence here on earth. They also demonstrate that death is something that can be prepared for instead of being feared. In addition, they offer the possibility of something to look forward to, so we need not dread our last days on this planet. A true Hindu shall love death as he loves this life (Retrieved from http://mailerindia. com/hindu on 18th January, 2012).

Judging yourself

This is a strong trial that could go well over either way. Even though the state at this point in time does not have a right-to-die statue I believe it should. A doctor that one is seeking help and care from should have no say how he/she (the patient) should die. By definition a doctor is â€Å"a person licensed to practice medicine, as a physician, surgeon, dentist, or veterinarian (dictionary. com)†. Nowhere in that description does it explain a person licensed to declare rightful legal euthinization.Being the daughter of a terminal cancer patient is hard enough. I can't imagine having the extra stress of monitoring how your mother or father dies in the hospital bed. Having a state law for the right to die statue could save so many more families from extra heartache. After all it plan and simple is your very own life to live and if one wants to die in a certain way; by golly they should be allowed to. Plan and simple the statue involves, shifting the right-to-die laws from g ranting permission for death to defining hat constitutes causing a premature death.Thereby allowing choosing timely death will require new thinking within the right-to-die movement. But this second approach is likely to be supported by more people who formerly were undecided about the right-to-die. We all want to avoid premature death for ourselves. And we can support new laws that prohibit helping or causing anyone to die too soon. But this still becomes an issue because everyone has different opinions and views on life death and even health treatments.Looking on the court side the law against causing premature death specifies safeguards that might be fulfilled in order to prove that the death was timely rather than premature. And because these sateguards are included in the written law, no Judge can exclude such facts and opinions from any subsequent trial. A great example would be the last trial of Jack Kevorkian was lost because the defense could not offer testimony from the pat ient and the family that death at this time was the best possible alternative.The Judge ruled that all such facts and opinions were irrelevant. The only question was whether Jack Kevorkian gave a lethal injection. â€Å"If Dr. Kevorkian had been charged with causing premature death, he would never have been sent to prison because the death of Thomas Youk† who was dying of ALS†was not premature (Park, Permission)†. The fact that he died a timely death would have been proven by presenting safeguards that were fulfilled in choosing the best time for him to die.

Summary Rough Draft And Affirmative Action Program

Jarron Jones 4-11-15 Moral Problems Rough Draft Affirmative Action In 2003, the Supreme Court issued its ruling on a case challenging the University of Michigan’s undergraduate affirmative action program, ultimately declaring the scheme unconstitutional. The admission scheme was based generally on a 150 point scale system in which the Office of Admission assigned points based on a number of factors, including high school grades, standardized test scores, high school quality, alumni strength, and leadership; if a student fell within the 100-150 point range, he or she would be admitted to the school. However, an applicant automatically received a bonus of 20 points of the 100 needed to guarantee admission if he or she possessed any one of the following â€Å"miscellaneous† factors: membership in an underrepresented racial or ethnic minority (which included African-Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans), attendance to a predominantly minority or disadvantaged high school, or recruitment for athletics. And yet, even though the Cour t struck down this scheme by holding it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, it did so on the basis that the University of Michigan scheme itself was too broad and thus discriminatory on its face; it did not strike down the notion of affirmative action in any way (Gratz v. Bollinger, 2003). 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